Drug Testing in Community Corrections: A Review of the Literature

Rewards and sanctions. Sanctions should only be applied in response to a lack of effort or adherence to treatment rather than for exhibiting the signs and symptoms of a SUD. A multisite study of drug courts found positive drug tests resulted in sanctions. In Illinois, drug use during pregnancy is illegal, and health care workers must report drug use during pregnancy. Community corrections staff are encouraged to apply contingency management (CM), as well as swift, certain, and fair sanctions, as a response to positive drug test results. A negative test can provide an opportunity for positive reinforcement.